DECODE The Script of LIFE

The discovery of DNA stands as one of the most monumental achievements in the realm of science. Today, our deeper understanding of DNA structure has unveiled answers to questions that have puzzled us for ages. The Central Dogma elucidates how DNA encodes proteins through three essential stages: replication, transcription, and translation. What Is Transcription?             Transcription is the initial step in gene expression. It involves the conversion of DNA information into RNA. Here’s how it works: Template Strand:               During transcription, only one strand of DNA—the template strand—is copied. This template strand serves as a guide for synthesizing a complementary RNA molecule. RNA Synthesis :              The enzyme responsible for transcription is RNA polymerase. It binds to a specific DNA region called the promoter and catalyzes...

  The Marvel of Molecular Biology The Central Dogma of Life,   a fundamental concept in molecular biology, describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It was first proposed by Francis Crick in 1958 and further expanded upon in 1970.  The Central Dogma involves three key processes: DNA replication, transcription, and translation DNA Replication DNA replication is the process by which a cell duplicates its DNA before cell division, ensuring that each new cell receives an exact copy of the genetic instructions. The replication process begins at specific locations on the DNA molecule called origins of replication, where the double helix unwinds to expose the template strands.  Each strand of the DNA molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand, following the base pairing rules (A pairs with T, and G pairs with C).  The result is two identical DNA molecules, each composed of one original strand and one n...

  Introduction When a cell divides, one of its main jobs is to make sure that each of the two new cells gets a full, perfect copy of genetic material. Mistakes during copying, or unequal division of the genetic material between cells, can lead to cells that are unhealthy or dysfunctional (and may lead to diseases such as cancer). But what exactly is this genetic material, and how does it behave over the course of a cell division? DNA and genomes DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of living organisms. In humans, DNA is found in almost all the cells of the body and provides the instructions they need to grow, function, and respond to their environment. When a cell in the body divides, it will pass on a copy of its DNA to each of its daughter cells. DNA is also passed on at the level of organisms, with the DNA in sperm and egg cells combining to form a new organism that has genetic material from both its parents. Physically speaking, DNA is a long string of paired che...