THE CELL CYCLE AND MITOSIS INTRODUCTION TOPIC 8.1: REGULATING THE CELL CYCLE: CHECKPOINT CONTROL Learning Goals Review the stages of the cell cycle, including the checkpoints, and identify the key features of each stage. Describe how specific protein modifications (e.g., phosphorylation and ubiquitination) result in activation/deactivation of cyclin-CDK complexes to regulate cell cycle checkpoints. Explain how the activation of the cyclin-CDK complexes results in the start of the next phase of the cell cycle. Use examples from both M- and S-cyclin-CDK complexes to explain this. Detail how fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) can be used to identify the stage of the cell cycle for a population of cells. Introduction to the Cell Cycle and Checkpoints G 1 (gap or growth 1) phase : This is the “gap” between the end of cytokinesis and the start of DNA synthesis. A lot of the work of this phase involves cell growth so that it can support itself and also have the resources it needs for
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